Described by some observers as the largest consultative exercise in human history, Pope Francis has made the synod on synodality a key initiative in his decadelong papacy. The pope has said that synodality is what “God expects of the church of the third millennium.”

Francis has sought to use the synod’s three-year global effort at listening and dialogue to model a synodal church where all the baptized — lay and clergy — journey together. In that church, bishops still govern their dioceses, but they consult the faithful and listen to their lived experiences on a regular basis.

In a synodal church, Clifford said, Catholic lay ministry would also be an integrated part of church life at all levels. She noted that Catholic lay ministry has grown exponentially since the Second Vatican Council in the 1960s.

“These are spirit-led movements,” she said. “We have to ask ourselves, ‘Have we fully received what the spirit is doing?’ ”

Clifford said she hopes that the open and honest discussions that the synod is intended to encourage will help the Christian community acknowledge that many traditional structures and practices that once served the proclamation of the Gospel in an effective manner may no longer fit that purpose.

“The church has always adapted in every age,” Clifford said. “Today, we have to ask ourselves, ‘What structures and ministries do we need to enable the church to carry out its mission in the world today?’ And that will include our structures of ministry.”

However, change engenders fear, she said, especially when changes are seen to be disruptive or potentially destabilizing. Several challenging themes emerged in the global listening sessions, including widespread desires that the Catholic Church do more to welcome LGBTQ people and allow women to serve in leadership positions, including in ordained ministry.

The 60-page working document for the synod that the Vatican released on June 20 indicates that the synod delegates will be asked to directly confront those pressing questions.

“There are huge, heavy complex issues that are being put on the table from the consultative process,” Clifford said. “But to me, the most important thing is that we learn from this experience to be more synodal, to do everything in a more synodal way, in a more intentional way, at every level in the life of the church.”

Catholics across the ideological spectrum will not resolve overnight their questions or differences regarding the ordination of women deacons, married men in the priesthood, or the church’s understanding of human sexuality. But for now, the more important thing, Clifford said, is for Catholics to learn to face those issues together.

Said Clifford, “The process is as important as whatever decisions might be taken.”